The Technology for Fully Autonomous Attack Is Already Here | Alex Liannyi, NORDA Dynamics

The AI systems guiding Ukrainian combat drones aren't running on expensive Nvidia chips. They're running on a Raspberry Pi Zero - a $15 hobby computer - and that single detail tells you more about how Ukraine's drone war is actually being fought than any headline about AI weapons. Craig Smith sits down with Alex Liannoy, CTO of NORDA Dynamics, for a technically specific and operationally candid conversation about what autonomous drone guidance looks like from inside the team building it. NORDA builds the avionics and targeting modules that plug into drones made by approximately 40 of Ukraine's hundreds of manufacturers, solving the two problems that make drone warfare hard at range: GPS denial from jamming, and the radio horizon that causes pilots to lose contact with their drone in the final 300 to 400 meters before ground level. NORDA's terminal guidance module takes over at up to one kilometer from the target, completing the approach autonomously while a human pilot's earlier lock defines the destination. The most counterintuitive finding in the episode is about what keeps humans in the loop, and it isn't ethics. Alex's argument is pragmatic: military doctrine requires proof that a drone hit its intended target. If you're monitoring the drone to verify the hit, you have enough connection to control it, which makes full autonomy less necessary than it might appear. That said, he's clear that the technology is "very close", one pilot already controls up to 32 drones simultaneously in some deployed systems, and target detection AI for notifying pilots of candidate targets is already in the field. The episode closes with a hardware finding that should recalibrate anyone's assumptions about AI compute requirements: after engineers mocked NORDA for using Raspberry Pi 4, they moved to the smaller, less powerful Raspberry Pi Zero. Both run real-time computer vision in active combat. The lesson Alex draws is precise: good engineering overcomes chip limitations, bad engineering can overload even a high-end processor. Subscribe to Eye on A.I. for weekly conversations with the people building and deploying the future of AI.